环理论说明,环是代数结构,其中可以在元素添加和乘法之间进行两个二元操作。二值化是一种图像处理的方法,其中像素内的值减小到从零到一个的比例,零表示最不存在的光,一个表示最大的光。目前,超声图在扫描充血性心力衰竭中实施。然而,代表疾病的着名的花花公子兔子符号因周围的器官和较低的质量图像制作而越来越难以隔离。本文介绍了OTSU阈值处理方法,并结合了新的元素,以考虑不同的图像特征,意味着更好地在超声图像中隔离充血性心力衰竭指标。
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While the capabilities of autonomous systems have been steadily improving in recent years, these systems still struggle to rapidly explore previously unknown environments without the aid of GPS-assisted navigation. The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge aimed to fast track the development of autonomous exploration systems by evaluating their performance in real-world underground search-and-rescue scenarios. Subterranean environments present a plethora of challenges for robotic systems, such as limited communications, complex topology, visually-degraded sensing, and harsh terrain. The presented solution enables long-term autonomy with minimal human supervision by combining a powerful and independent single-agent autonomy stack, with higher level mission management operating over a flexible mesh network. The autonomy suite deployed on quadruped and wheeled robots was fully independent, freeing the human supervision to loosely supervise the mission and make high-impact strategic decisions. We also discuss lessons learned from fielding our system at the SubT Final Event, relating to vehicle versatility, system adaptability, and re-configurable communications.
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The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.
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This paper describes the system developed at the Universitat Polit\`ecnica de Catalunya for the Workshop on Machine Translation 2022 Sign Language Translation Task, in particular, for the sign-to-text direction. We use a Transformer model implemented with the Fairseq modeling toolkit. We have experimented with the vocabulary size, data augmentation techniques and pretraining the model with the PHOENIX-14T dataset. Our system obtains 0.50 BLEU score for the test set, improving the organizers' baseline by 0.38 BLEU. We remark the poor results for both the baseline and our system, and thus, the unreliability of our findings.
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最近在自动手语理解中的具有挑战性的任务(例如手语识别,翻译和生产)方面取得了重大进展。但是,这些作品集中在相对较少的样本,简短录音以及有限的词汇和签名空间的数据集上。在这项工作中,我们介绍了手语主题检测的新颖任务。我们基于跨越多个语义域的大规模视频数据集的2sign的实验。我们为主题检测的任务提供了强大的基础,并在手语领域常用的不同视觉特征之间进行了比较。
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无人驾驶汽车(UAV)在许多领域都受雇于摄影,紧急,娱乐,国防,农业,林业,采矿和建筑。在过去的十年中,无人机技术在许多施工项目阶段中找到了应用程序,从现场映射,进度监控,建筑物检查,损坏评估和材料交付等等。尽管已经对无人机在各种施工相关的过程中的优势进行了广泛的研究,但关于提高任务能力和效率的无人机协作的研究仍然很少。本文提出了一种基于塔格狩猎游戏和粒子群优化(PSO)的多个无人机的新合作路径计划算法。首先,定义了每个无人机的成本函数,并包含多个目标和约束。然后,开发了无人机游戏框架,以将多功能路径计划制定到寻找回报优势均衡的问题。接下来,提出了基于PSO的算法来获得无人机的最佳路径。由三个无人机检查的大型建筑工地的仿真结果表明,在检查任务期间,提出的算法在为无人机形成的可行和高效飞行路径生成可行,高效的飞行路径上的有效性。
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本文介绍了一个开源Python工具箱,称为“集合功能重要性(EFI)”,以提供机器学习(ML)研究人员,领域专家和决策者,具有强大而准确的功能重要性的重要性量化,以及更可靠的机械解释,对使用预测问题的特征的重要性更重要模糊集。该工具包的开发是为了解决特征重要性量化的不确定性,并且由于机器学习算法的多样性,重要性计算方法和数据集依赖性而缺乏可信赖的特征重要性解释。 EFI使用数据自举和决策融合技术(例如平均值,多数投票和模糊逻辑)与多个机器学习模型合并了不同的特征重要性计算方法。 EFI工具箱的主要属性是:(i)ML算法的自动优化,(ii)从优化的ML算法和功能重要性计算技术中自动计算一组功能重要性系数,(iii)使用多个重要性系数的自动汇总决策融合技术和(iv)模糊成员资格功能,显示了每个功能对预测任务的重要性。描述了工具箱的关键模块和功能,并使用流行的IRIS数据集提供了其应用程序的简单示例。
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我们介绍了仇恨言论推文的Hateval语料库(Basile等,2019年)的丰富,旨在促进自动化的反叙事一代。与以前的工作相比(Chung etal。2019),手动书面反叙事与推文有关。但是,仅此信息似乎不足以获得反叙事生成的令人满意的语言模型。这就是为什么我们还根据Wagemanns(2016)提供了带有争论性信息的注释推文,我们认为可以帮助建立令人信服和有效的反叙事,以针对特定群体进行仇恨言论。我们讨论了这种注释过程的充分和困难,并提出了几个基线以自动检测带注释的元素。初步结果表明,自动注释者会靠近人类注释者来检测论证的某些方面,而其他人仅达到低或中等水平的通知者一致性。
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基于航空图像的地图中的本地化提供了许多优势,例如全球一致性,地理参考地图以及可公开访问数据的可用性。但是,从空中图像和板载传感器中可以观察到的地标是有限的。这导致数据关联期间的歧义或混叠。本文以高度信息的代表制(允许有效的数据关联)为基础,为解决这些歧义提供了完整的管道。它的核心是强大的自我调整数据关联,它根据测量的熵调整搜索区域。此外,为了平滑最终结果,我们将相关数据的信息矩阵调整为数据关联过程产生的相对变换的函数。我们评估了来自德国卡尔斯鲁厄市周围城市和农村场景的真实数据的方法。我们将最新的异常缓解方法与我们的自我调整方法进行了比较,这表明了相当大的改进,尤其是对于外部城市场景。
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监视自动实时流处理系统的行为已成为现实世界应用中最相关的问题之一。这种系统的复杂性已在很大程度上依赖于高维输入数据和数据饥饿的机器学习(ML)算法。我们提出了一个灵活的系统,功能监视(FM),该系统在此类数据集中检测数据漂移,并具有较小且恒定的内存足迹和流应用程序中的小计算成本。该方法基于多变量统计测试,并且是由设计驱动的数据(从数据中估算了完整的参考分布)。它监视系统使用的所有功能,同时每当发生警报时提供可解释的功能排名(以帮助根本原因分析)。系统的计算和记忆轻度是由于使用指数移动直方图而导致的。在我们的实验研究中,我们用其参数分析了系统的行为,更重要的是显示了它检测到与单个特征无直接相关的问题的示例。这说明了FM如何消除添加自定义信号以检测特定类型问题的需求,并且监视功能可用空间通常足够。
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